All posts by George Wilson

Four Projects to Watch at the FASB

Hot Topic, Reporting

While the FASB’s current technical agenda does not include landmark projects like revenue recognition and lease accounting, the Board is working on several projects that may significantly impact company reporting.  Four projects to watch are:

Segment Reporting Improvements

On October 6, 2022, the Board issued a proposed Accounting Standard Update to ASC 280 – Segment Reporting, that would expand segment disclosure requirements for public business entities.  While the new standard would not change how operating segments are identified or aggregated, it would require:

    • Disclosure, on an annual and interim basis of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss,
    • Disclosure, on an annual and interim basis, of an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the significant expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss, and
    • Disclosure of all annual information about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods.

In addition, the proposed ASU would clarify that multiple measures of segment profit or loss may be disclosed in certain circumstances and require all current and proposed disclosures for a public entity that has a single reportable segment

Enhanced Income Tax Disclosures

The Board’s tax project has evolved over time and is now focused on two key disclosure areas for public business entities:

    • The effective tax rate reconciliation, and
    • Cash paid for income taxes.

The FASB’s deliberations have focused on providing detailed information in each of these areas.  The proposed disclosures for the effective rate reconciliation include addressing eight specific categories and related qualitative disclosures.  For taxes paid the proposals focus on providing disaggregated information about taxes paid by jurisdiction.  Developing appropriate disclosures, particularly for companies that operate in multiple tax jurisdictions could be challenging.  In March of 2023 the FASB issued this Proposed ASU and you can read more in this Tentative Board Decisions document.  The Proposed ASU would also require certain new disclosures for private entities.

Disaggregated Expense Disclosure

This project is now focused on “improving the decision usefulness of business entities’ income statements through the disaggregation of any relevant expense line items.”  As you can read in this Tentative Board Decisions document, it is likely a proposed standard would focus on disclosures about selling expenses, costs capitalized to inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization and other details.  In March 2023, the Board directed the FASB staff to draft a proposed ASU and decided on a 90-day comment period.  This new standard would apply to public business entities.  Companies may face challenges to accumulate this information and provide appropriate controls for these disclosures.

Accounting and Disclosure for Crypto Assets

While this project may not affect as many companies as the three discussed above, for companies that hold crypto assets its impact could be significant.  This project would require that crypto assets, as defined by the Board, would be accounted for at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recognized in income.  This would be a major change from the existing indefinite lived intangible asset accounting model currently applied to these assets.  You can read more in this March 23, 2023, Proposed Accounting Standards Update and this Tentative Board Decisions document.

While these projects are in process companies can certainly provide their thoughts and input to the Board.  In addition, given how each of these projects would present challenges to gather information and build appropriate controls, putting them on the planning horizon now likely makes sense.

The board is working on several other projects, and you can find the Board’s current Technical Agenda here.

As always, your thoughts and comments are welcome!

Three Tips to Avoid Low-Hanging Fruit on the MD&A SEC Comment Tree

10-K/10-Q Tips, Reporting

As we discussed in this blog post, creating change in MD&A is a complex process.  The number of stakeholders involved in drafting and reviewing MD&A creates logistical and tactical challenges.  Old and obsolete beliefs that disclosure changes will attract negative attention from the SEC create resistance that is difficult to overcome.  This is true even when the changes are to implement new requirements that will help companies avoid comments.

There are three areas of change from the SEC’s 2020 MD&A update that have become frequent comment areas, likely because companies have not changed their MD&A to implement these rule changes:

    • Critical accounting estimate disclosures
    • Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about material changes
    • Meaningfully addressing liquidity and capital resources

To help understand the issues in these disclosures, below are links to blog posts with example disclosures and related SEC comments.

This post presents an example comment and company response for critical accounting estimate disclosures.  While the example, particularly the revised disclosure, is lengthy, the lesson is simple.  Critical accounting estimates are not the same thing as accounting policies.  This is a simple comment to avoid.

This post presents an example comment and company response about providing quantitative and qualitative disclosures about material financial statement changes.  The Regulation S-K Item 303 guidance for this disclosure is very direct:

“Where the financial statements reflect material changes from period-to-period in one or more line items, including where material changes within a line item offset one another, describe the underlying reasons for these material changes in quantitative and qualitative terms.”

This post examines an example comment and company response focused on meaningfully addressing liquidity and capital resources disclosures.

Given the complexity and challenges in improving MD&A, one strategy companies can adopt is to make incremental change as they work on quarterly reports during the year.  This could help in working toward a reasonable implementation of these rule changes in their next year-end MD&A.

As always, your thoughts and comments are welcome!

SEC Finalizes New Share Repurchase Rule

Hot Topic, Reporting, SEC News

On May 3, 2023, the SEC adopted a Final Rule requiring new disclosures about share repurchases.  The new rule includes quantitative disclosures such as daily repurchases and qualitative disclosures such as the objectives or rationales behind repurchases.  The new rule is intended to “enhance information to assess the purposes and effects” of share repurchases.

Companies that file Forms 10-Q and 10-K will be required to provide these new disclosures beginning with the first filing that covers the first full fiscal quarter that begins on or after October 1, 2023.  Foreign private issuers that file Form 20-F will be required to provide this information via a new Form F-SR beginning with the first full fiscal quarter that begins on or after April 1, 2024.  Form F-SR will be due within 45 days after the end of each fiscal quarter.

The new rule requires companies that file Forms 10-K and 10-Q to:

    • Disclose share repurchases on a daily basis in each Form 10-Q and in Form 10-K for their fourth quarter
    • Include this information in new exhibit 26
    • Provide details using a format for exhibit 26 such as the table below from S-K Item 601, which will also be tagged using iXBRL:

This new exhibit will include language disclosing whether officers or directors subject to Section 16 reporting traded within four business days of certain company announcements about a repurchase plan:

Use the checkbox to indicate if any officer or director reporting pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78p(a)), or for foreign private issuers as defined by Rule 3b-4(c) (§ 240.3b-4(c) of this chapter), any director or member of senior management who would be identified pursuant to Item 1 of Form 20-F (§ 249.220f of this chapter), purchased or sold shares or other units of the class of the issuer’s equity securities that are registered pursuant to section 12 of the Exchange Act and subject of a publicly announced plan or program within four (4) business days before or after the issuer’s announcement of such repurchase plan or program or the announcement of an increase of an existing share repurchase plan or program. □

The amendments also add this language to S-K Item 703 to require disclosure in Forms 10-Q and 10-K of:

“(1) The objectives or rationales for each repurchase plan or program and the process or criteria used to determine the amount of repurchases;

(2) The number of shares (or units) purchased other than through a publicly announced plan or program, and the nature of the transaction (e.g., whether the purchases were made in open-market transactions, tender offers, in satisfaction of the issuer’s obligations upon exercise of outstanding put options issued by the issuer, or other transactions);

(3) For publicly announced repurchase plans or programs:

(i) The date each plan or program was announced;
(ii) The dollar amount (or share or unit amount) approved;
(iii) The expiration date (if any) of each plan or program;
(iv) Each plan or program that has expired during the period covered by the table in § 229.601(b)(26) (Item 601(b)(26) of Regulation S-K); and
(v) Each plan or program the issuer has determined to terminate prior to expiration, or under which the issuer does not intend to make further purchases.

(4) Any policies and procedures relating to purchases and sales of the issuer’s securities by its officers and directors during a repurchase program, including any restrictions on such transactions.”

As mentioned above, Foreign Private Issuers that file Form 20-F will provide this same information each quarter on Form F-SR.

The new rule adds a requirement to S-K Item 408 for quarterly disclosure in Forms 10-K and 10-Q regarding company adoption and termination of 10b5-1 trading arrangements.

The new rule eliminates the existing share repurchase disclosure requirements in Regulation S-K Item 703.

Listed Closed-End Funds will include this repurchase data in their annual and semi-annual reports on Form N-CSR.

You can learn more in the related Final Rule and Fact Sheet.

As always, your thoughts and comments are welcome.

SEC Extends Time to Approve Clawback Listing Standards But Rulemaking Process Remains Ahead of Original Schedule

Hot Topic

Updated Clawback Policy template and adopting resolutions provided

On April 24, 2023, the SEC extended to June 11, 2023 the period to approve, or begin the process to disapprove, the NYSE’s and Nasdaq’s proposed listing standards relative to the “clawback” rules.  Those rules require companies to adopt policies and to recoup from executives, following an accounting restatement, incentive-based compensation that was paid based upon financial measures that were restated.  Even with this extension, the process will likely be finished before the original deadline set in the October 2020 “Listing Standards for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation” rule.  As we wrote in this post, the rule requires national securities exchanges to propose and adopt listing standards requiring companies to adopt an appropriate clawback policy.  This post contains links to the listing standards proposed by the NYSE and Nasdaq.  This post reviews new disclosures and Form 10-K cover page check boxes required by the rule.

At this time, the relevant dates are:

    • Nasdaq’s and NYSE’s proposed listing standards were published in the Federal Register on March 13, 2023 – so originally, the SEC had until April 27, 2023 to approve the listing standards.
    • The new deadline to approve or begin the process to disapprove the standards is June 11, 2023. 
    • June 11 is a Sunday, so we would assume that they get the same consideration as others when a deadline falls on a Sunday – i.e., the deadline probably is June 12.
    • If the SEC approves the listing standards on or before June 12, 2023, that is the effective date of the listing standards – if they take no action, the listing standards will be effective on June 13, 2023.
    • Companies have 60 days after the effective date of the listing standards within which to adopt a clawback policy – so the outside date (assuming SEC approval by June 12, 2023) will be August 10, 2023, but again, it could be sooner, if the SEC acts before that date.

Gary Brown, Partner at Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP, and SEC Institute workshop leader and PLI author, has updated his draft “Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy” template to incorporate the provisions of proposed listing standards as well as provided a set of template resolutions that could be used by boards to adopt a policy.  The templates are usable by either a NYSE or Nasdaq company.  Here are links to the policy and resolution templates.

As always, your thoughts and comments are welcome!

Don’t Forget the New Rule 10b5-1 Plan Quarterly Disclosures!

Hot Topic, Reporting

As we enter financial reporting periods beginning on or after April 1, 2023, here is a hopefully helpful reminder to include the new Rule 10b5-1 plan disclosures in your next quarterly report.  As a reminder, the SEC’s December 2022 Final Rule implementing changes to how individuals use 10b5-1 plans, also requires new disclosures about:

    • Officer and director plans, and
    • Company insider trading policies.

The rule became effective on February 27, 2023.

The new officer and director plan disclosures are required quarterly in both the 10-Q and 10-K.  The mechanics of this process is that S-K Item 408(a) disclosure requirements have been added to the Form 10-K Instructions in Item 9B and the Form 10-Q Instructions in Part II – Item 5.  These disclosures include details of adoption, modification and termination and material terms (other than pricing) of both 10b5-1 plans and “non 10b5-1 trading arrangements.”  You can find all the details in S-K Item 408.

For non-Smaller Reporting Companies, the new officer and director plan disclosures are required for fiscal periods, including quarters, that begin on or after April 1, 2023.  The transition date for Smaller Reporting Companies is periods that begin on or after October 1, 2023 .

These disclosures must be tagged with iXBRL.

The new annual requirements include disclosure of insider trading policies and procedures and disclosures surrounding option awards made to executives where the timing of the award is close in time to the release of material non-public information.

The timing for the new annual disclosures is a bit uncertain.  The Final Rule states that non-Smaller Reporting Companies:

“…will be required to comply with the new disclosure and tagging requirements in Exchange Act periodic reports on Forms 10-Q, 10-K and 20-F and in any proxy or information statements that are required to include the Item 408, Item 402(x), and/or Item 16J disclosures in the first filing that covers the first full fiscal period that begins on or after April 1, 2023.”

While this is clear for quarterly fiscal periods, it could be read to mean that the annual disclosures would not be required for years that end on December 31, 2023, but rather the year after that.  If this was indeed the intent of the rule, that will hopefully be clarified at some point by the staff.

As always, your thoughts and comments are welcome!

Company and Auditor Investigations Each Have Their Own Pace

Hot Topic, Reporting

Almost two years ago, on July 15, 2021, the SEC charged the former CEO and CFO of FTE Networks, Inc. with perpetrating a multi-year accounting fraud.  The allegations included multiple misstatements, including overstating revenues and concealing the existence of conversion features in notes payable.  The SEC also alleged that the former officers stole money from the company.  The Department of Justice brought criminal charges.

In cases like this, the question of where were the auditors invariably arises.  In many cases the auditors were as much victims of the fraud as any other parties.  Audit procedures designed to find fraud provide “reasonable” rather than “absolute” assurance that fraud will be detected.  When the PCAOB and the SEC Enforcement Division investigate these kinds of situations and find that audits were conducted in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS), no action is brought against the auditors and there is no public announcement of any kind.

In other cases, auditors may not have appropriately designed their audit to detect material fraud or not followed GAAS in other ways.  In these cases, there will be public announcements by the PCAOB or the SEC Enforcement Division.

The FTE case falls into the second of these categories and is an example of how separate cases against companies and their auditors move at different rates.  On February 28, 2023, almost two years after the original charges, the SEC instituted public administrative and cease-and-desist proceedings against the company’s auditor.  As you can read in the related Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release, the proceedings allege several audit failures.

This auditor focused enforcement is particularly important as it fits together with the Chief Accountant’s October 2022 Statement about the auditors’ responsibilities for fraud detection.  You can read more in this blog post.

As always, your thoughts and comments are welcome!

Clawback Rulemaking Process Moves Forward with Proposed Listing Standards

Reporting

The SEC’s October 2022 Listing Standards for Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation Final Rule requires national securities exchanges to propose and adopt requirements that listed companies have an appropriate “clawback policy.”  The NYSE and NASDAQ recently issued proposed listing standards.  You can find the proposals for the NYSE here and for the NASDAQ here.

You can read this post for more information about the clawback rulemaking process and deadlines.  The post also includes a clawback policy template from Gary Brown, Partner at Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP, and SEC Institute workshop leader and PLI author.

You can read this post for information about the new clawback Form 10-K cover page checkboxes and other disclosures. 

As always, your thoughts and comments are welcome!

Yet Another Cybersecurity Disclosure Enforcement Case

Hot Topic

On March 9, 2023, the SEC announced its latest enforcement case involving disclosure controls and procedures over cybersecurity breaches.  You can read about earlier cases and find background about the SEC’s cybersecurity guidance in this blog post.

In this latest case, Blackbaud, a software developer for not-for-profit organizations, was the victim in a ransomware attack.  According to the SEC’s Press Release:

“… on July 16, 2020, Blackbaud announced that the ransomware attacker did not access donor bank account information or social security numbers. Within days of these statements, however, the company’s technology and customer relations personnel learned that the attacker had in fact accessed and exfiltrated this sensitive information.”

Although members of Blackbaud’s staff were aware that bank account information and social security numbers had been stolen, according to the SEC’s Order:

“… the personnel with this information about the broader scope of the impacted data did not communicate this to Blackbaud’s senior management responsible for disclosures, and the company did not have policies or procedures in place designed to ensure they do so.”

 As a result, the company failed to disclose the impact of the attack on a timely basis.  The company paid a $3 million fine.

This is not a new enforcement area.  In 2011, CorpFin addressed the need for disclosure controls and procedures over cybersecurity risks in Disclosure Guidance Topic 2.  The Commission reinforced and expanded this discussion in its 2018 Cybersecurity Release.  As a reminder, disclosure controls and procedures are defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15:

For purposes of this section, the term disclosure controls and procedures means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As always, your thoughts and comments are welcome!

Internal Controls Remediation Required in an Accounting-Related Enforcement

Hot Topic

On March 13, 2023, the SEC announced the latest in a string of accounting fraud enforcement actions.  The frequency of these announcements is not surprising in the current economic environment.  If you have not read the Chief Accountant’s remarks about fraud risk, you might want to check out this blog post.

This latest case focuses on an all-time favorite accounting fraud area, revenue recognition.  According to the SEC’s Litigation Release and Complaint, a division-level finance director at Evoqua Water used bill and hold tricks to recognize revenue earlier than appropriate.  This flavor of accounting fraud is not new.

What makes this case different is a formal undertaking to improve internal controls.  According to the SEC’s Complaint, one of the causes of the company’s misstatements and resulting violations of the securities laws was “negligent conduct at Evoqua’s corporate level in managing the financial reporting and accounting controls processes.”  According to the Litigation Release the SEC’s order will require Evoqua to:

“…comply with certain undertakings, including an agreement to implement recommended improvements to its system of internal accounting controls.”

The company will also pay an $8.5 million fine.

There are many more details about the cases against the company and the now former division-level finance director in the Litigation Release and Complaint.

As always, your thoughts and comments are welcome!

SEC Updates Tender Offer Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations

Reporting

On March 17, 2023, CorpFin updated several Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations (C&DIs) related to tender offers.  The updates address a wide range of questions.  For example, one of the C&DIs clarifies that a tender offer may be subject to conditions only when the conditions are based on objective criteria.  Other examples discuss who is a bidder in the tender offer process.  You can find the updated C&DIs here.